Using
the Academia Sinica's Full Text Retrieval System (FTRS)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Two interfaces are available for these databases:
The powerful search engine is with all its advanced features is
only available with the telnet version. Therefore, for serious scholarly
research the telnet version is strongly to be recommended.
Some important advantages of the telnet version over the WWW
version:
|
To our knowledge, there is no way to use the userfont files in non-Chinese Windows 3.1, 95, 98 or in a non-Windows operating system (except DOS). All language versions of Windows 2000 should be able to install the userfont files. If you have experience or need help with userfont files in Windows 2000, please also contact edv@uni-heidelberg.de.
c:\win95_tw\command\start d:\netterm\netterm.exe 25histories
c:\win95_tw\command\start d:\netterm\netterm.exe 13classics
|
2. Alternative graphical forms of characters which are included in standard fonts
The complete database of the 25 Dynastic Histories contains for:
28.306 instances
(96%) faithful representation of the printed version, not included
in the standard font;
眾 1.189 instances (4 %) the form that is included in the standard
font;
13.129 instances faithful
representation of the printed version, not included in the standard
font;
群 190 instances (4 %) the form that is included in the standard font.
This poses problems for input, display as well as search strategies.
|
4.1 Basics
The database is controlled by menus and commands.
The screen is divided into a narrow top section and a broad
bottom section.
The top section can either be one menu line or two path
lines. A menu line consists of different menu options. Of the
two path lines, the second consists of the path field on the
left (路經 e.g. /2.1.1.8.2.1) and a command line for
inputting path statements on the right (指令 ); the first path line
above is a line in reverse colours which displays the path natural
language (e.g. 新 本 史記 三 家注/ 新 本 史記/ 本 紀/ 券 八 高 祖 本 紀 第八).
The bottom section is either blank (or contains some system
information, e. g. 費 時 0. 15 秒- 找到 9 段 , 9 , 12 詞), or it contains
continuous text (i. e. the full text), or it contains a result
list, or it contains a directory list.
Which commands are available depends on which of these four alternatives
is displayed in the bottom section. No commands are available if the
bottom section is blank. If a path line is displayed in the top section,
it is always possible to input path statements.
4.2 Commands
To use commands, just press the corresponding key on your keyboard. Except when inputting into the command line, the cursor position does not matter, and you will not see your input on the screen.
4.2.1 Commands for navigating lists
browsing the list:
| ↓ or + | move to next line below |
| <n> ↓or + | move down <n> lines |
| ↑or - | move to next line above |
| <n> ↑ or - | move up <n> lines |
| <n> l | move to line number <n> |
| n or SPACE | next screen |
| <n> n or SPACE | move forward <n> screens |
| b | back one screen |
| <n> b | move back <n> screens |
| $ | display very last screen |
| F | define search term and find in this display |
| f | continue with find |
| g | go to the item where the cursor presently is (i.e. display a subdirectory or text section) |
| q or t | exit (quit, terminate) |
4.2.2 Additional commands for controlling directory lists
| . | move up one level |
| / | move to root directory |
| x | move to first page of the current directory item |
| y | move to last page of the current directory item |
| <n> p | move to page number <n> - works only if the directory item has to the right either a * or a number (refers to total number of pages in that section); all page numbers refer to the printed text in the 中華 書 局 standard edition of the Dynstic Histories |
| : | move the cursor to the command field (指令:) in the right upper corner, where commands to move to a certain path or page can be inputted (see below) |
other commands
| <n> d | set directory to be displayed <n> levels deep (useful for orientation before setting search range or area) |
| c | choose content type (e.g. headings, commentary, philological notes) - only the content type chosen will be displayed and searched; in the frame that appears, use the following commands: m (mark) to choose, q or t (quit, terminate) to save and exit. For further details, see below 5.4. |
| m | mark or unmark a specific directory item as search range |
| M | cancel all marked directory items |
4.2.3 Commands for navigating continuous text
| SPACE, RETURN | display next screenful of text |
| b | back to last screen displayed |
| ] | move to beginning of next section |
| [ | move to beginning of last section |
| a | set display properties 1. 依 系 統 設 定 use system defaults (horizontal, continuous word wrap) 2. 重 行 設 定 set new display properties a)呈現 方' (0. 橫 1. 直) vertical (0) or horizontal (1) display b)呈 現 方' (0. 橫 1. 直) continuous (y) or non-continuous (n) word-wrap: continuous word-wrap is easier to read, non-continuous word wrap results in a layout that corresponds to the printed version, i. e. every line begins with the same character as in the printed version, making it very easy to locate a certain passage T. 離開 exit without change |
| e | cut commands in order
to cut out text which can be used for further search statements:
c defines cursor point as starting point of cut operation; then
move cursor to end point and press c again b check the text which has been cut out d cancel all text that has been cut out q, t exit the cut operation |
| g | move to the next text section in the search result set |
| G | move to the previous text section in the search result set |
| p | display text page by page (beginning of screen corresponds to beginning of page in printed edition) |
| s | display text section by section (beginning of screen corresponds to beginning of section in the database's own segmentation, as indicated by the path information (lu4jing4, top left corner of screen, see 4.1 and 4.2.4) |
4.2.4 Commands for path statements and page
For basic information on the path structure see 4.1 above.
Path commands refer to the present path if not preceded by / .
| / (slash) | move to root path |
| . (dot) | move up one level in the path hierarchy (each . moves up one level, more than one . moves up the corresponding number of levels) |
| move to page number |
|
| x | moves to the first page of the first section of the cursor item |
| y | moves to the first page of the last section of the cursor item |
| u | defines the present path (see path field) as root |
path and page commands (not x, y, u) can be combined
Example: Present directory path is /3.2, then the following
applies:
| Command | Result |
| 4 | /3.2.4 |
| ...2.1 | /2.1 |
| x | first text page of section /3.2 |
| 55p | /3.2.55p, i. e. page 55 in the main text of the Hanshu |
| /2.1.120p | /2.1.120p, i. e. page 120 in the main text of the Shiji |
|
5.1 Selecting a database (25 Histories 二十五史 or 13 Classics 十三經 )
For all work with the databases, it is necessary to first open a database by selecting from the menu 0) 资籵庫 and then to select one of the choices (at present 二十五史 or 十三經). Confirm by pressing the "Enter" key.
The retrieval system available at Heidelberg contains at present:
a) the 25 Dynastic Histories with commentaries, based on the
standard Beijing Zhonghua Shuju edition of the Dynastic Histories.
b) the 13 Classics with commentary and subcommentary, based
on: Chongkan Songben shisan jing zhushu: fu jiaokanji, Taibei,
Yiwen yinshuguan (or other identical reprints)
The page numbers given in the database refer in both cases to the
editions stated.
5.2 Standard search with simple search statement
| a) | select from the menu 2) 自由檢索 |
| b) | select from the appearing menu 1) 檢索 |
| c) | select 2) 直按輸入 |
| d) | enter the search phrase with the input method provided by your system; do not forget to switch back to English input afterwards |
| e) | press the "Enter"
key, select in the appearing frame 輸 入, enter the search range
with a path statement (compare above); for paths go back to the menu choice 1) 目錄與正文 in the very first screen. Examples: In all databases: In the database of the 25 histories: In the database of the 13 classics: |
| f) | press the "Enter" key, wait for the search to be executed |
| g) | select B) 查閱 from the menu |
| h) | press "g"
to go to the first search result, press "g" again to
get to the next search result, "G" to move back to the
previous one, "Enter" to get to the next section of the continuous text |
| i) | press "t" to get back. |
5.3 Standard search with phrase exclusion in the search statement
When entering a search statement, any phrase consisting of a character
enclosed in braces { } and the character(s) immediately preceding
or following the braces will be disregarded.
Example: To get mostly passages which contain 風 in its literal sense
"wind" but not in the derived senses "custom",
"style" and so on, type:
{ 國 扶 遺 鄕 承 歌 八 移 } 風 { 伯 后 師 土 俗 教 刺 諫 喻 }.
5.4 Standard search with complex search statement (Boolean operators)
Search statements can not only consist of any number of Chinese
characters, but also of Boolean operators to determine the logical
relationship between the characters, round brackets to determine the
priority of the Boolean operators: Boolean operators
| & | AND |
| ! | AND NOT |
| | | OR |
In the absence of brackets, & as well as ! have priority before
|. Round brackets ( ) can be used to change the priority of the operators.
The operators are valid within one text section, i.e. the lowest hierarchical
unit in the directory structure. It does not matter if there are spaces
before and after the operators or not.
Example: To research disaster relief policies, input
(減免 | 除) & (田租 | 口賦).
This will give all text sections that contain any of the two phrases
減免 and 除 combined with any of the two phrases 田租 and 口賦.
5.5 Inclusion/exclusion of specific text levels (e. g. commentary)
| a) | enter the retrieval system, choose a database (see 5.1 above); if you are already in the retrieval system, go back to the very first screen (usually by pressing repeatedly "t") |
| b) | select from the menu 1) 目由與正文 |
| c) | press "c"
to choose content type (e.g. headings, commentary, philological
notes) only the content type chosen will be displayed and searched - in the frame that appears, use the following commands: "m" (mark) to select and deselect, "q" or "t" (quit, terminate) to save and exit - available content type: * 全部 典 券 券標 節 朝代 表 序言 段落含詿 段 疏 詿釋群 詿釋 勘記 不詳 The de-selection of any upper-level content type will also exclude all content types below, e. g. de-selecting 段落含詿 will also exclude 段, 詿釋群 and 詿釋 from display and search, even if not explicitly indicated. De-selecting 券 will exclude the entire content of that 券 and so on. Use the d command (e. g. 7d) to get an idea about the hierarchical relationship between different content types. |
| d) | press "t" to save and exit |
| e) | press "t" again to return to the very first screen |
| f) | choose from the menu 2) 自由檢索 and execute any type of search (see 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and 5.5); the selection remains valid for all further searches and navigation until you explicitly select new content type or choose a new database. |
5.6 Index searches
This type of search leads to a different result handling which greatly
simplifies the evaluation of large result sets and is ideal for linguistic/terminological
questions:
| a) | From the very first screen, select 2) 自由檢索 |
| b) | Select F) 式 |
| c) | In the frame that appears, select 引得檢索, press "Enter" |
| d) | Select 1) 檢索 |
| e) | Select 2) 直按輸入, as for a simple search |
| f) | Enter the search statement and select the search range, as above (5.1 d-f) |
| g) | After the search has been executed, select B) 查閱 from the menu |
| h) | For sorting the result list, first press "t" and then select from the menu S) 排序 |
| i) | In the frame that appears, select in which priority you want to have your search result sorted; then press "Enter" |
| j) | If you want to examine the whole passage, press "g", as in a simple search (5.1 h) |
To perform a standard search, choose in step (c) 一船檢索 instead of 引得檢索.
NOTES:
5.7 Search on previous result set and combination of searches
To perform a search on your previous result set, select selecting
重疊檢索 in the frame where you define the search range (compare
5.1 e; see also above). This can be done several times. After the
first time, you will be asked which result set you want to use. Choose
be inputting numbers.
Performing in this way overlapping searches is helpful for speeding
up the search, refining your search without starting all over again,
avoiding overly complex search statements, combining index searches
with complex search statements (see 5.5) etc.
|